英汉互译的句子表达不同

1. 中英文句子结构有哪些差异,翻译有哪些技巧

中英文这两种不同语言的形态特点反映在句法结构上，主要有四个方面的差异：1. 英语重形合，汉语重意合；2. 英语属演绎性思维，汉语属归纳性思维；3. 英语为主语显著语言，汉语为主题显著语言；4. 英语语序灵活多变，汉语语序相对固定。

针对这四个方面的差异，现对英汉互译技巧分述如下：一、英语重形合，汉语重意合 （一）表现特征 英语重形合，指的是英语讲究“结构美”，强调句法的完整性和合理性。英语句子常用词形变化、虚词（如冠词、介词、连接词）、非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）、从句以及独立主格等来表现各种语法关系，结构紧凑严密，注重以形显义。

因此，有人将英语的句法结构称作为“树型结构”，干上有枝，枝上有节，节外生枝。汉语重意合，指的是汉语讲究“意境美”，几乎可以用任何语言单位表达思想，无拘无束，挥洒自如，语法不完整、不合理也无关紧要。

汉语没有词形变化，没有非谓语动词、定语从句、独立主格和冠词，特别是在许多情况下省略虚词（尤其是连接词），它常用词组和短句逐次排列，虽然外形上互不相连，但内含逻辑关系，注重以神统形。因此，有人将汉语的这种结构称为“竹节结构”，像竹杆那样一节一节的，简练而明快。

对于英汉句法结构的差异，庄绎传教授还曾经打过一个非常形象的比方。他说：“我感觉汉语的句子结构好比一根竹子，一节一节地连下去；而英语的句子结构好比一串葡萄，主干可能很短，累累果实附着在上面。”

请看以下例句：例1:All the prayers said the same: There was a God Who sees, Who hears, Who takes pity on man, Who contains His wrath, Who forgives sin, Who wants men to repent, Who punishes evil deeds, Who rewards good deeds in this world and — what was even more — in the other.译文： 所有的祷告词都说：有一个上帝，他明察秋毫，耳听八方，慈悲为怀，宽宏大量，原宥过失，容人悔改，惩恶赏善，现世现报——尤其是——掌管来世报应。分析：原文用了八个“Who”引导的定语从句，可谓“果实累累”，而译文化成了八个四字格词语，简洁工整，音韵铿锵，充分发挥了汉语的优势。

例2：在家从父，出嫁从夫，夫死从子。译文：When a woman is unmarried, she is to live for her father; when married, she is to live for her husband; and, as a widow, she is to live for her children. （辜鸿铭译） 分析：原文为中国古代提倡的“三从”妇德，语言高度浓缩，可谓一字千金。

译成英语，字数差不多是原文的三倍，加译了副词、连词、代词、介词等，尤其必须加译主语，就连标点符号也必须作变动。这里顺带一提，译文中尤为精妙的是将动词“从”译成了“live for”，生动地传达了中国古代妇女“为三种人而生活”——做好女儿、好妻子和好母亲——的自我牺牲精神。

（二）互译对策探讨 英译汉时，许多词可以用汉语的动词来转换；连接词在许多情况下省略不译，因为越是使用连接词少的句子越是符合汉语的习惯；介词短语、定语从句和独立主格在不少情况下都可以译为短语或分句。汉译英时，注意把汉语句子中内含的逻辑关系（特别是因果关系、转折关系、递进关系）用英语的连接词表达出来；注意把汉语的流水句译成相互照应的单句；把汉语的众多动词分清顺序或分清主次编排成英语的习惯表达，许多情况下一些表目的、原因、伴随等的动词译为非谓语动词或者名词、介词，等等。

例如：例3:If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind？译文：冬天来了，春天还会远吗？分析：许多英语初学者在翻译if从句时总离不开“如果”，或者见到when时总离不开“当”……译文省略了假设连词，但假设关系蕴含其中，体现出了汉语的“意境美”。例4:This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.译文：这是一次精心组织起来的会议。

市政厅里来宾济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。分析：形容词“fervent”和“packed”分别译成了短语“热情洋溢”和“济济一堂”；独立主格“with Mr. Strong in the chair”译成了一个分句。

例5：不知苦中苦，哪知甜中甜？译文：If you have never tasted the bitterness of gall, how can you know the sweetness of honey？分析：这句汉语虽然外形上没有假设连词，但却内含假设关系，译成英语时必须加连接词。例6：有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了，头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，年纪大约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。

（鲁迅：《祝福》） 译文：Early one winter, when my uncle's family wanted a new maid, Old Mrs. Wei the go-between brought her along. She had a white mourning band round her hair and was wearing a black skirt, blue jacket, and pale green bodice. Her age was about twenty-six, and though her face was sallow her cheeks were red. （杨宪益译） 分析：原文只有一个句号，译文则分为了三句话。原文里前面两句的并列关系在译文里变成了主从关系，将“四叔家里要换女工”译成了由“when”引导。

2. 从英译汉看英汉两种语言的表达差异（的论文）

1 【老美写的】The differences between English and Chinese Introduction: There is not one single Chinese language, but many different versions or dialects including Wu, Cantonese and Taiwanese. Northern Chinese, also known as Mandarin, is the mother tongue of about 70% of Chinese speakers and is the accepted written language for all Chinese. Belonging to two different language families, English and Chinese have many significant differences. This makes learning English a serious challenge for Chinese native speakers.Alphabet: Chinese does not have an alphabet but uses a logographic system for its written language. In logographic systems symbols represent the words themselves - words are not made up of various letters as in alphabetic systems. Because of this fundamental difference, Chinese learners may have great difficulty reading English texts and spelling words correctly.Phonology: Most aspects of the English phonological system cause difficulties for Chinese learners. Some English phonemes do not exist in Chinese; stress and intonation patterns are different. Unlike English, Chinese is a tone language. This means that it uses the pitch (highness or lowness) of a phoneme sound to distinguish word meaning. In English, changes in pitch are used to emphasize or express emotion, not to give a different word meaning to the sound.English has more vowel sounds than Chinese, resulting in the faulty pronunciation of words like ship/sheep, it/eat, full/fool. Dipthongs such as in weigh, now or deer are often shortened to a single sound.Chinese learners find it difficult to hear the difference between l and r, and so may mispronounce rake and rice as lake and lice. A major problem is with the common final consonant in English. This feature is much less frequent in Chinese and results in learners either failing to produce the consonant or adding an extra vowel at the end of the word. For example, hill may be pronounced as if without the double ll but with a drawn out i, or as rhyming with killer.The difficulties of pronouncing individual English words, compounded by problems with intonation, result in the heavily accented English of many Chinese learners. In some cases, even learners with perfect grammar may be very hard to understand.Grammar - Verb/Tense: In English much information is carried by the use of auxiliaries and by verb inflections: is/are/were, eat/eats/ate/eaten, etc. Chinese, on the other hand, is an uninflected language and conveys meaning through word order, adverbials or shared understanding of the context. The concept of time in Chinese is not handled through the use of different tenses and verb forms, as it is in English. For all these reasons it is not surprising that Chinese learners have trouble with the complexities of the English verb system.Here are some typical verb/tense mistakes:What do you do? (i.e. What are you doing?) (wrong tense) I will call you as soon as I will get there. (wrong tense) She has got married last Saturday. (wrong tense) She good teacher. (missing copula) How much you pay for your car? (missing auxiliary) I wish I am rich. (indicative instead of subjunctive) English commonly expresses shades of meaning with modal verbs. Think for example of the increasing degree of politeness of the following instructions: Open the window, please. Could you open the window, please? Would you mind opening the window, please? Since Chinese modals do not convey such a wide range of meaning, Chinese learners may fail to use English modals sufficiently. This can result in them seeming peremptory when making requests, suggestions, etc.Grammar - Other: Chinese does not have articles, so difficulties with their correct use in English are very common. There are various differences in word order between Chinese and English. In Chinese, for example, questions are conveyed by intonation; the subject and verb are not inverted as in English. Nouns cannot be post-modified as in English; and adverbials usually precede verbs, unlike in English which has complex rules governing the position of such sentence elements. Interference from Chinese, then, leads to the following typical problems: When you are going home? English is a very hard to learn language. Next week I will return to China. (More usual English: I will return to China next week.) Vocabulary: English has a number of short verbs that very commonly combine with particles (adverbs or prepositions) to form what are known as phrasal verbs; for example: take on, give in, make do with, look up to. This kind of lexical feature does not exist in Chinese. Chinese learners, 。

3. 求救有意义的25句中英文互译的句子

If you live to be 100, I hope I live to be 100 minus 1 day, so I never have to live without you。

假如你的寿命是100年，那我希望自己活到100岁的前一天，因为那样我的生命中每天都有你。If there ever comes a day when we can't be together, keep me in your heart, I'll stay there forever。

如果有一天我们不能在一起了，那么请把我放在你心里，我将永驻于此。Promise me you'll never forget me because if I thought you would I'd never leave。

答应我你永远不会忘记我，因为我一想到你会忘了我，我就不想离开你了。If ever there is tomorrow when we're not together。

there is something you must always remember. You are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, and smarter than you think. But the most important thing is, even if we're apart。I'll always be with you。

假如明天我们不能在一起，那我希望你能记得这些：你比自己所相信的更勇敢，比所展现的更坚强，比所认为的更聪慧。另外最重要的是，即时我们不得不分离，我依然与你同在。

If the person you like doesn' t like you, wonld' t it still be lonely even if the whole world loves you？如果你喜欢的人 不喜欢你那么 就算全世界的人都喜欢你 还是会觉得很孤单吧 1 我的世界不允许你的消失，不管结局是否完美. No matter the ending is perfect or not, you cannot disappear from my world. 2 爱情是一个精心设计的谎言 Love is a carefully designed lie. 3 承诺常常很像蝴蝶，美丽的飞盘旋然后不见 Promises are often like the butterfly, which disappear after beautiful hover. 4 凋谢是真实的 盛开只是一种过去 Fading is true while flowering is past 5 为什么幸福总是擦肩而过，偶尔想你的时候….就让….回忆来陪我. Why I have never catched the happiness? Whenever I want you ,I will be accompanyed by the memory of。 6 如果你为着错过夕阳而哭泣，那么你就要错群星了 If you weeped for the missing sunset,you would miss all the shining stars 7 如果只是遇见，不能停留，不如不遇见 If we can only encounter each other rather than stay with each other,then I wish we had never encountered . 8 宁愿笑著流泪，也不哭著说后悔 心碎了，还需再补吗？ I would like weeping with the smile rather than repenting with the cry,when my heart is broken ,is it needed to fix? 9 天空没有翅膀的痕迹，而鸟儿已飞过 There are no trails of the wings in the sky, while the birds has flied away. 10 当香烟爱上火柴时，就注定受到伤害 When a cigarette falls in love with a match,it is destined to be hurt 11 人活着 总是要得罪一些人的 就要看那些人是否值得得罪 When alive ,we may probably offend some people.However, we must think about whether they are deserved offended. 12 命里有时终需有 命里无时莫强求 You will have it if it belongs to you,whereas you don't kveth for it if it doesn't appear in your life. 13 没有谁对不起谁，只有谁不懂得珍惜谁. No one indebted for others,while many people don't know how to cherish others. 14 永远不是一种距离，而是一种决定。

Eternity is not a distance but a decision. 15 在回忆里继续梦幻不如在地狱里等待天堂 Dreaming in the memory is not as good as waiting for the paradise in the hell 16 哪里有真爱存在，哪里就有奇迹 Where there is great love, there are always miracles. 17 爱情就像一只蝴蝶，它喜欢飞到哪里，就把欢乐带到哪里。 Love is like a butterfly. It goes where it pleases and it pleases where it goes. 18 假如每次想起你我都会得到一朵鲜花，那么我将永远在花丛中徜徉。

If I had a single flower for every time I think about you, I could walk forever in my garden. 19 有了你，我迷失了自我；失去你，我多么希望自己再度迷失。 Within you I lose myself, without you I find myself wanting to be lost again. 20 每一个沐浴在爱河中的人都是诗人 At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet. 21 看看我的眼睛，你会发现你对我而言意味着什么。

Look into my eyes you will see what you mean to me. 22 距离使两颗心靠得更近。 Distance makes the hearts grow fonder. 23 如果没有相等的爱，那就让我爱多一些吧。

If equal affection cannot be, let the more loving be me. 24 爱是长在我们心里的藤蔓。 Love is a vine that grows into our hearts. 25 因为你，我懂得了爱。

If I know what love is, it is because of you. 26 爱情是生活最好的提神剂。 Love is the greatest refreshment in life. 27 有了你，黑暗不再是黑暗。

The darkness is no darkness with thee. 28 如果没有人爱我们，我们也就不会再爱自己了。 We cease loving ourselves if no one loves us. 1.你可知我百年的孤寂只为你一人守侯，千夜的恋歌只为你一人而唱。

You know my loneliness is only kept for you, my sweet songs are only sung for you. 2.如果活着，是上帝赋予我最大的使命，那么活者有你，将会是上帝赋予我使命的恩赐…… If living on the earth is a mission from the lord… living with you is the award of the lord… 3.你知道思念。

4. 有什么英汉翻译很经典的句子

1.One is always on a strange road, watching strange scenery and listening to strange music. Then one day, you will find that the things you try hard to forget are already gone. 一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本是费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就那么忘记了。

2.Happiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in one's hand. It's about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you are hungry or having someone's love when you need love. 幸福，不是长生不老，不是大鱼大肉，不是权倾朝野。幸福是每一个微小的生活愿望达成。

当你想吃的时候有得吃，想被爱的时候有人来爱你。 3.Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow. When the lamp is off,you will find the shadow everywhere. Friend is who can give you strength at last. 爱情是灯，友情是影子，当灯灭了，你会发现你的周围都是影子。

朋友，是在最后可以给你力量的人。 4.I love you not for who you are, but for who I am before you. 我爱你不是因为你是谁，而是我在你面前可以是谁。

5.Love makes man grow up or sink down. 爱情，要么让人成熟，要么让人堕落。 6.If you can hold something up and put it down, it is called weight-lifting; if you can hold something up but can never put it down,it's called burden-bearing. Pitifully, most of people are bearing heavy burdens when they are in love. 举得起放得下的叫举重，举得起放不下的叫负重。

可惜，大多数人的爱情，都是负重的。 7.We all live in the past. We take a minute to know someone, one hour to like someone, and one day to love someone, but the whole life to forget someone. 我们每个人都生活在各自的过去中，人们会用一分钟的时间去认识一个人，用一小时的时间去喜欢一个人，再用一天的时间去爱上一个人，到最后呢，却要用一辈子的时间去忘记一个人。

8.One may fall in love with many people during the lifetime. When you finally get your own happiness, you will understand the previous sadness is kind of treasure, which makes you better to hold and cherishthe people you love. 一个人一生可以爱上很多的人，等你获得真正属于你的幸福之后，你就会明白一起的伤痛其实是一种财富，它让你学会更好地去把握和珍惜你爱的人。 9.When you are young, you may want several love experiences. But as time goes on, you will realize that if you really love someone, the whole life will not be enough. You need time to know, to forgive and to love. All this needs a very big mind. 年轻的时候会想要谈很多次恋爱，但是随着年龄的增长，终于领悟到爱一个人，就算用一辈子的时间，还是会嫌不够。

慢慢地去了解这个人，体谅这个人，直到爱上为止，是需要有非常宽大的胸襟才行。 10.When tomorrow turns in today, yesterday, and someday that no more important in your memory, we suddenly realize that we are pushed forward by time. This is not a train in still in which you may feel forward when another train goes by. It is the truth that we've all grown up. And we become different. 当明天变成了今天成为了昨天，最后成为记忆里不再重要的某一天，我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走，这不是静止火车里，与相邻列车交错时，仿佛自己在前进的错觉，而是我们真实的在成长，在这件事里成了另一个自己。

11.If you leave me, please don't comfort me because each sewing has to meet stinging pain. 离开我就别安慰我，要知道每一次缝补也会遭遇穿刺的痛。 12.Don't forget the things you once you owned. Treasure the things you can't get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。

不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。

已经失去的，留作回忆。 13.I love and am used to keeping a distance with those changed things.Only in this way can I know what will not be abandoned by time. Forexample, when you love someone, changes are all around. Then I stepbackward and watching it silently, then I see the true feelings. 我喜欢并习惯了对变化的东西保持着距离，这样才会知道什么是最不会被时间抛弃的准则。

比如爱一个人，充满变数，我于是后退一步，静静的看着，直到看见真诚的感情。 14.Men love from overlooking while women love from looking up. If love isa mountain, then if men go up, more women they will see while womenwill see fewer men. 男人的爱是俯视而生，而女人的爱是仰视而生。

如果爱情像座山，那么男人越往上走可以俯视的女人就越多，而女人越往上走可以仰视的男人就越少。 15.Good love makes you see the whole world from one person while bad love makes you abandon the whole world for one person. 好的爱情是你通过一个人看到整个世界，坏的爱情是你为了一个人舍弃世界。

16.We shall always save a place for ourselves, only 。

5. 英汉互译,句型转换,书面表达

你好…

估计作文没有人帮你写的了。我帮你做前面那几题吧。汗啊。作文你自己想吧。靠问是没有用的。

一.英汉互译

1.在世界的其他地方，情况就不一样了

In other places around the world,the situation is different.

2.游泳比爬山有趣得多

Swimming is much more interesting than climbing hill.

3.在中国，自行车是最受欢迎的交通工具

In China,bicycle is the most popular transportation.

4.我喜欢居住在有山和河的地方

I like living beside hill and river.

5.并不是每一个学生都喜欢锻炼

Not every student like to do exercise.

6.考试结束了，孩子们迫不及待的要过一个放松的假期

The final-exam ended,children can't wait to spend a comfortable holiday.

7.我听说夏威夷是个观光的好地方

I hear that Hawaii is a good place to go sightseeing.

8.I think this meas that we need to be honest and hard-working.

我想这个的意思就是我们需要变得诚实和努力工作。

9.I often come up with this when I am unable to achieve something.

当我不能完成某事时，我经常用这个来赶上。

二.句型转换

1.He got to the train station in time.（改为同义句）

He (arrive at) the train station in time.

本人才疏学浅。可能有错。

6. 急求：英汉语句子结构上的区别与共同点

英汉两种语言用于书面表达时，虽然两者在过程上有相似之处，但也有着明显的差异。

比如：一些词汇就其内涵，外延而言在两种语言中不尽相同；用词习惯也不同，英语中少用动词，以名词和介词占优势；语序上有着明显的区别，如定语，状语，宾语的位置。语篇模式差异，汉语中只有“文首型”与英语语篇模式相同；另外还有行文格式，文化层面上的等等差异。

这种差异在句子结构中反映得尤为明显。 英语是形合型（hypotaxis）语言，句子以主谓结构为主干，以谓语动词为中心通过大量反映形式关系的动词不定式、分词、介词、连词、关系代词、关系副词等把句子其他成分层层搭架，呈现出由中心向外扩展的空间图式。

汉语则属于意合型（parataxis）语言，即通过多个动词的连用或“流水句”，按时间顺序，一件一件事交代清楚，一层一层铺开，呈现的是一个时间顺序的流水图式。复合句是英语的特色，而连动句、流水句是汉语的特点。

学习者在写作中造句时遇到的障碍是：不习惯将自己的思想用繁多的形式手法表现出来。汉语对英语写作的干扰表现为：作文中残缺旬、溶合句、一连串的简单句或连串旬式雷同的复合句充斥全篇。

如：“The trees are bare.The grass is brown.The landscaoe seemsdrab."这是个溶合旬，3个句子用逗号断开，与汉语句式一模一样。地道的英语应表述为；“The brown grass and bare treesform a drab landscape.”英汉句子结构方面存在的诸多差异，使学习者往往不自觉地用母语句子结构的形式，作为他们思维过程中构成一个思想的模式，当他们以英语对这一思想作出书面表达时，英语句子在结构上就明显带着汉语句子的痕迹，出现“翻译腔”。

因此，在进行英语写作时，应注意句子从意合到形合的转换，把多个汉语句子表达的信息通过各种修饰限制关系容纳剑一个复杂的句子中。同时，再对常用的从句做点句法的修改，就可点石成金。

2实用状语句式举例 2.1状语从句的应用 英语语言本身起连接过渡作用的词语特别多，且这类词语在语段中出现的频率相当高。而汉语在许多情况下并不需要一定的语法手段或者其他语言手段（相当于英语中的过渡词语）来表现。

由于没有注意到过渡词的运用，结果写出的语段缺乏连贯性（如上所示）。但是当学习者意识到这点差别时，就会很注意使用意义明确的连词，句子中频现because,although,so…that…等等，却忽略了一些类似连词作用的介词和介词词组。

比如： 1.)Sendusamessagein caseyouhaveanydifficulty.万一有什么困难就给我一个信儿。 2.)Weagreetorentthehouseon conditionthatthe roofbe repaired。

如果把房顶修好，我们同意租用这房子。 当文中的句子全是完整的状语从句时，整篇文章显得呆板，罗嗦，因此，可适当地做些省略，是句子既连贯，又简洁。

1.)Eventhoughdefeatedfora secondtime,hedidnotgivein。他虽然第二次被击败，但不屈服。

2.)Not wantingto interruptthem,he remained motionless,as ifasleep.他不愿打搅他们，就一动不动，仿佛在睡觉。 2.2短语的应用 同一句型的反复应用，会给人平庸之感。

尽管没有语法错误，可实在难登大雅之堂。因此，用短语来替代从句，就不失为一个好方法。

长短旬的运用，使文章读起来有抑扬顿挫之感。多样的句式使句子显得精炼，紧凑，并赋予文章一种文体美，显得生动活泼，富于节奏变化。

①介词引出的状语 1)In some countrynomajorbusinessisconductedwithout requiringface-to-face conversation.在有些国家，做成大生意都需要面对面的交谈。 2.)Very few arrive inthe U.S.A.with all the detail worked out.很少有人在到达美国时，就把一切细节都安排妥帖了的。

②分词做状语 1.)Hemistookmeforateacher,causingme some embarrassment.他误把我当成了老师， 使我有些尴尬。 2)Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。

⑨形容词做状语 1)Unwillingtoacceptthejob,he stillnoddedhisagreemenL虽说他不愿意接受这个任务，但他还是点头同意了。 2).Well aware ofthe dangex ofrock-climbing,he still loved and indulged in it aS before.尽管他很清楚攀岩的危险，但他仍乐此不疲。

④独立主格结构做状语 1)TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericans save carefully,theotherbeinglabor.一时问是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一个则是劳力。

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